Special Tests

 












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Modalities

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Electrotherapy TENS (Conventional high-rate/sensory TENS) Frequency: 100-150 pps. Pulse Duration: 50-80  µs. Amplitude: sensory. Treatment Time: whenever there is pain. Duration of Action: only while on. Typical Conditions: acute injury or repetitive strain. Duration of application: unlimited. TENS  (Low-rate/motor TENS) Frequency: <10 pps. Pulse Duration: 200-300  µs. Amplitude: small muscle contractions. Treatment Time: maximum 20-30 minutes every 2 hours. Duration of Action: 4-5 hours aftertreatment. Typical Conditions: chronic conditions. Duration of application: 20-30 minutes maximum.  Interferential Current  (Acute pain) Frequency: 100-150 Hz. Time: throughout duration of pain. May be used for 24 hours/day if needed. Modulation: use if available. Amplitude: to produce tingling. Interferential Current  (Chronic pain) Frequency: 2-10 Hz. Time: 20-30 minutes. Modulation: none. Amplitude: to visible contraction. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NM...
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Lumbar (Orthopedic)

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Observation (posture, lumbar list, etc) Posture during movements like squatting AROM Repeated Motions (10x: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation) P-A and UP-A Palpation (but not very useful for low back) Special Tests -Lumbar radiculopathy: SLR or Slump,  -Centralization for discogenic (Rules in and rules out. Standing extension and supine knees to chest as not everyone benefits from extension. These are good for interventions, too.) -Spondylolisthesis (if not had imaging) and lumbar instability: Passive Lumbar Extension Test -Lumbar Stenosis CPR: bilateral symptoms, leg pain>back pain, pain with walking/standing, pain relieved with sitting, age>48 (0=-LR of 0.19, 4/5 present=+LR of 4.6) Endurance Testing Isometric chest raise for extensor musculature (repeated motions or static hold) Side plank endurance ratio (75% difference unilaterally = imbalance. Extended hips or bent knees) Flexor-to-extensor endurance ratio (Extensor normally being the stronger. Ratio less th...
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