Outcome Measures

FGA

CVA:
MDC: 4.2 points (5 points clinically)
Vestibular disorders:
MDC: 6 points
Community-dwelling older adults:
MCID: 4 points
Cut-off scores: </= 22/30 is a predictor of falls as well as a fall risk.
PD:
MDC: 4 points
Cut-off scores: </= 18/30 identifies a fall risk.

BBS

Older adults:
MDC: with initial scores of 0-24=4.6, 25-34=6.3, 35-44=4.9, 45-56=3.3
Cut-off scores: <45 indicates may be at greater risk of falls
Cut-off scores: <40 associated with almost 100% fall risk
CVA:
MDC: anywhere from 2.5 points to 6.9 points
Cut-off scores: 45 out of 56
Vestibular disorders:
Cut-off scores: score of 45/56 indicates functional ability
PD:
MDC: 5 points
Berg sheet:
Score of 41-56: low fall risk, 21-40: medium fall risk, 0-20: high fall risk
A change of 8 points is required for MCID.

DGI

Older adults:
MCID: 2
Cut-off scores:
        For community-dwelling elderly, < 19 = increased fall risk
CVA:
MDC: 4
PD:
MDC: 3 points
Cut-off scores: < 19 = increased risk for falls
MS:
MDC: 5 points
Cut-off scores: < 12 = at risk for falls

TUG
Older adults:
Normative data:

Age	Male	Female
60-69	8 sec	8 sec
70-79	9	9
80-89	10	11

Cut-off scores: indicating fall risk                                        

Community dwelling adults	>13.5 sec
Older stroke patients	>14 sec
Parkinson’s Disease	>11.5, >7.95 sec
Vestibular disorders	>11.1 sec

 

Cognitive TUG
Older adults:
Cut-off scores: > 15 sec = predicts risk for falls
Normative data: healthy older adults b/t 60-87, mean time = 9.82 sec

Manual TUG
Older adults:
Normative data: healthy older adults b/t 60-87, mean time = 11.56 sec
PD:
Cut-off scores: if difference b/t TUG manual and TUG is > 4.5 sec = increased risk for falls

 

6 MWT
Older adults:
MDC: 58 m, MCID: 50 m

Age	Male	Female
60-69	572 m	538 m
70-79	527	471
80-89	417	392

PD:
MDC: 82 m
CVA:
MDC:
               Chronic stroke: 34.37 m
               Subacute stroke: 61 m
MCID: 50 m
Pulmonary Disease:
MDC: 54 m
MCID: 54 m
< 200 m is predictive of hospitalization or mortality

  

2 MWT
Older adults:
MDC: 12.2 m
Normative data:

Age	Male	Female
18 – 54	201 m	183 m
55 – 59	191	176
60 – 64	179	166
65 – 69	184	155
70 – 74	172	146
75 – 79	158	141
80 – 85	144	134

Stroke:
MDC: 16.4 m (54 ft)
MS:
MDC: 19 m

 

10 MWT
Older adults:
MCID: 0.13 m/s
Parkinson’s Disease:
MDC: 0.18 m/s (comfortable gait speed), 0.25 m/s (fastest gait speed)
CVA:
MCID: 0.14 m/s
Cut-off scores:
        < 0.4 m/s = were more likely to be household ambulators.

        0.4 – 0.8 m/s = limited community ambulator
        > 0.8 m/s = community ambulators

Functional Reach
Older adults:
Cut-off scores:
               < 7 in (17.78 cm) = limited in mobility skills
               < 7 in (17.78 cm) = most restricted in ADLs

               In frail elderly, < 7.3 in (18.5 cm) = indicates fall risk

CVA:
MDC: 2.7 in (6.79 cm)
PD:
MDC: 3.5 in (9 cm)
Cut-off scores: 10 in (25.4 cm) = fall risk

 

Modified Functional Reach
CVA:

MDC: forward = 3.7 cm (1.46 in), paretic side = 2.3 cm (0.91 in), non-paretic side = 2.67 cm (1.05 in)

 

MiniBEST Test
PD:
MDC: 5.52 points or 17.1%
Cut-off scores: < 20 = predictive of falls in 6 mo and 12 mo.
CVA:
Cut-off scores: </= 17.5 identifies people with a risk for falls.

 

4 Square Step Test
CVA:
Cut-off scores: > 15 sec (or failed attempt) = increased risk for falls
PD:
Cut-off scores: > 9.86 sec = increased risk for falls
Older adults:
Cut-off scores: > 15 sec = at risk for multiple falls

 

4-Stage Balance Test
Older adults:
Inability to hold tandem stance for at least 10 sec = increased risk for falls

 

30 sec CST
Older adults: (moderately active)
Normative data:

Age	Male	Female
60 – 64	17	15
65 – 69	16	15
70 – 74	15	14
17 – 79	14	13
80 – 84	13	12
85 – 89	11	11
90 – 94	9	9

 

5x Sit to Stand
Older adults:
Cut-off scores:

               As an initial screening tool, ≥ 12 sec = need for further assessment of fall risk

                           To assess risk of recurrent falls, > 15 sec

Normative data:

Age	Mean
19 – 49	6.2 sec
50 – 59	7.1
60 – 69	8.1
70 – 79	10.0
80 – 89	10.6

Parkinson’s Disease:
Cut-off scores:
> 16 sec = risk for falls

 

PASS
Older adults:
Normative data: mean for healthy older adults = 35.7
CVA:
MDC:
            Chronic stroke: 3.2 = MDC of PASS
            Acute stroke: 1.8 = MDC mean individual ratio of PASS

 

FIST
CVA:
MDC: 5.63 for acute stroke

 

TIS
CVA:
Normative data:
               Subacute: median = 14
               Chronic non-ambulatory: median = 8
               Chronic ambulatory: median = 14
Healthy individuals:
Normative data: median = 23

 

Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS)
Older Adults:
Level of independence:

            >14 = independent in basic ADLs

10 – 13 = reduced safe mobility and reduced level of independence in ADLs

<10 = dependent